Farashintitanium alloyyana tsakanin dala 200 zuwa dala 400 a kowace kilogiram, yayin da farashin kayan aikin titanium na soja ya ninka sau biyu. To, menene titanium? Me yasa yake da tsada sosai bayan haɗawa?
Da farko, bari mu fahimci tushen titanium. Titanium yafi fitowa daga ilmenite, rutile da perovskite. Ƙarfe ne mai farin azurfa. Saboda yanayin aiki na titanium da kuma babban buƙatun fasaha na narkewa, mutane sun kasa samar da adadi mai yawa na titanium na dogon lokaci, don haka ana rarraba shi a matsayin ƙarfe "rare".
A gaskiya ma, mutane sun gano titanium a 1791, amma na farkotitanium mai tsabtaan samar da shi a cikin 1910, wanda ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru ɗari. Babban dalili shi ne cewa titanium yana aiki sosai a yanayin zafi mai zafi kuma yana da sauƙin haɗuwa tare da oxygen, nitrogen, carbon da sauran abubuwa. Yana ɗaukar yanayi mai tsauri don cire titanium mai tsafta. Duk da haka, yawan sinadarin titanium na kasar Sin ya karu daga tan 200 a karnin da ya gabata zuwa tan 150,000 yanzu, wanda a halin yanzu ya zama na daya a duniya. Don haka, a ina aka fi amfani da titanium idan yana da tsada sosai?
1. Titanium crafts.Titanium yana da girma mai yawa kuma yana da juriya na lalata, musamman mai oxidizable da launi. Yana da kyakkyawan sakamako na ado kuma yana da rahusa fiye da zinari na gaske, don haka ana amfani dashi don maye gurbin ainihin zinariya don kayan aikin fasaha, gine-ginen gine-gine da gyare-gyaren gine-gine na d ¯ a, sunayen sunaye na waje, da dai sauransu.
2. Titanium kayan ado.Titanium a zahiri ya shiga cikin rayuwarmu cikin nutsuwa. Wasu kayan adon da aka yi da tsantsar titanium da 'yan mata ke sanyawa a yanzu. Babban fasalin wannan sabon nau'in kayan ado shine lafiya, aminci da kare muhalli. Ba zai haifar da abubuwa masu cutarwa ga fata da jikin ɗan adam ba, kuma ana kiranta da "koren kayan ado".
3. Gilashin Titanium. Titanium yana da mafi girman ƙarfin jurewa nakasawa fiye da ƙarfe, amma nauyinsa rabin girman ƙarfe ɗaya ne kawai. Gilashin Titanium bai bambanta da gilashin ƙarfe na yau da kullun ba, amma a zahiri suna da haske da jin daɗi, tare da taɓawa mai dumi da santsi, ba tare da jin sanyi na sauran gilashin ƙarfe ba. Firam ɗin Titanium sun fi firam ɗin ƙarfe na yau da kullun, ba za su lalace ba bayan amfani na dogon lokaci, kuma ingancin yana da garanti.
4. A fagen sararin samaniya, da yawa karafa a kan dillalan jiragen sama na yanzu, roka, da makamai masu linzami da aka maye gurbinsu da alluran titanium. Wasu mutane sun yi gwaje-gwajen yanke gwaje-gwaje da faranti na karfe da alluran titanium, shi ma saboda jure wa nakasu da nauyi. A lokacin yankan, an gano cewa tartsatsin da titanium ke samarwa ya zama kamar sun ɗan bambanta. Farantin karfen zinari ne, yayin da tartsatsin gami na titanium ya kasance fari. Wannan shi ne yafi saboda ƙananan barbashi da titanium alloy ke samarwa yayin aikin yankewa. Yana iya kunna wuta ba tare da bata lokaci ba kuma yana fitar da tartsatsin wuta, kuma zafin wadannan tartsatsin ya zarce na tartsatsin farantin karfe, don haka ana amfani da fodar titanium a matsayin man roka.
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, ana amfani da fiye da ton 1,000 na titanium don kewayawa a duniya a kowace shekara. Baya ga yin amfani da shi azaman kayan sararin samaniya, ana kuma amfani da titanium don kera jiragen ruwa. Wani ya taba nutsar da titanium a kasan teku, ya gano cewa ba a yi tsatsa ba kwata-kwata a lokacin da aka fitar da shi bayan shekaru biyar, saboda yawan sinadarin titanium ya kai giram 4.5 kacal, kuma karfin da ke da santimita cubic shi ne mafi girma a tsakanin karafa. kuma yana iya jure yanayin matsi 2,500. Saboda haka, jiragen ruwa na Titanium na iya tafiya a cikin zurfin teku na mita 4,500, yayin da jiragen ruwa na karfe na yau da kullun na iya nutsewa har zuwa mita 300.
Aikace-aikacen titanium yana da wadata da launi, kumatitanium gamiHakanan ana amfani da su sosai a cikin magunguna, kuma ana amfani da su a fannin likitan haƙori, tiyatar filastik, bawul ɗin zuciya, kayan aikin likitanci da sauransu. Duk da haka, farashin samfuran titanium a kasuwa gabaɗaya ya yi tsada, wanda ke sa yawancin masu amfani da su nesanta kansu. To, menene ainihin ke haifar da wannan yanayin?
Yin hakar ma'adinai da amfani da albarkatun titanium yana da matukar wahala. Rarraba ma'adinan yashi ilmenite a cikin ƙasata ya warwatse, kuma yawan albarkatun titanium ya ragu. Bayan an kwashe shekaru ana hakar ma'adanai da kuma amfani da su, an rika hako ma'adanai masu inganci da manya-manya, amma saboda an fi samun ci gaban a kan hakar ma'adinan farar hula, yana da wahala a samar da manyan ci gaba da amfani.
Bukatar titanium yana da ƙarfi sosai. A matsayin sabon nau'in kayan ƙarfe, titanium an yi amfani dashi sosai a sararin samaniya, gini, teku, makamashin nukiliya da wutar lantarki. Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfin ƙasata ta ƙasata, yawan amfani da titanium ya kuma nuna haɓakar haɓaka cikin sauri.
Rashin isasshen ƙarfin samar da titanium. A halin yanzu, akwai wasu ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu a duniya waɗanda ke iya samar da titanium.
sarrafa titanium yana da wahala.
Daga titanium soso zuwa titanium ingots, sannan zuwa faranti na titanium, ana buƙatar matakai da yawa. Tsarin narkewar titanium ya bambanta da na karfe. Wajibi ne don sarrafa nauyin narkewa, ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu, da kuma tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na abun da ke ciki. Saboda ɗimbin tsari da sarƙaƙƙiya, yana da wuyar aiwatarwa.
Tsaftataccen titanium yana da taushi kuma gabaɗaya baya dace da amfani azaman samfuran titanium. Don haka, ana buƙatar ƙara wasu abubuwa don haɓaka abubuwan ƙarfe. Alal misali, titanium-64, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama, yana buƙatar ƙara yawan adadin wasu abubuwa don inganta kayan ƙarfe.
Titanium yana amsawa da ƙarfi tare da halogens, oxygen, sulfur, carbon, nitrogen da sauran abubuwa a yanayin zafi mai girma. Don haka, ana buƙatar yin narkewar titanium a cikin wani yanayi mara kyau ko rashin aiki don guje wa gurɓata.
Titanium karfe ne mai aiki, amma yanayin zafinsa ba shi da kyau, wanda ke haifar da wahalar walda da sauran kayan.
A taƙaice, akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke shafar farashin kayan haɗin gwiwar titanium, gami da ƙimar al'adu, buƙata, wahalar samarwa, da dai sauransu. Duk da haka, tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, wahalar samarwa na iya raguwa a hankali a nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-02-2025